MLKs Speech and Its Effect on Local Civil Rights Movement

MLKs Speech and Its Effect on Local Civil Rights Movement The white man won’t hand out integration on a silver platter. The history of the civil rights is often told on the national scale or following well-known figures and direct-action events such as the sit-in campaign and Rosa Parks’ famous stand on a Montgomery bus. More recently, historians have focused their research on the local level, revealing events that are not prominent, but integral to the larger scale history of civil rights in the United States. Although national power determined the â€Å"deliberate speed† of desegregation legislation, local communities determined the actual speed in which they would be enforced. Some communities pressed for immediate social change†¦show more content†¦Following the momentum of the boycott, King founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference with the purpose of enabling â€Å"the region’s Negro leaders to plan activities parallel to those of the NAACP.† The first goal of the organization was to register two million new Negro voters before the 1960 presidenti al election and King began the summer of 1958 travelling to spread the message of equality and nonviolence throughout the nation. One week prior to King’s speech in Columbus, his request to meet with President Dwight Eisenhower in order to address the President’s â€Å"recent plea for continued patience† and previous promises â€Å"to meet with Negro leaders† was accepted, and the conference enjoyed moderate media attention. On May 29, 1958, King, along with Lester Granger of the National Urban League, Roy Wilkins of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and A. Philip Randolph of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, shared time with the President to discuss the rights of Negro Americans. The meeting was ultimately unproductive and King immediately assessed the meeting with Eisenhower: â€Å"I think he believes it would be a fine thing to have an integrated society but I think he probably feels that the more you push it, the more tension it will create so you just wait 50 or 100 years and it will work itself out. I don’t think he feels like being a crusader for integration.† Although King was clearly despondent about

Calculation Of Profit And Expenses Of The Company Case Study

Essays on Calculation Of Profit And Expenses Of The Company Case Study ï » ¿Calculation Of Profit And Expenses Of The Company 1) The company’s sales have increased, but this increase is quite less when you see the huge investment that the firm has undertaken to go â€Å"national†. Firm’s other expenses have also increased by a greater proportion than the increase in the sales. As a result, the company’s net income has been turned into net loss. 2) It is clear from expansion that more fixed assets have been acquired. This is financed by borrowing from the bank, and as a result liabilities have increased. However, total current assets have also increased because the firm is holding more inventories now than before. 3) Fixed assets have been acquired by using the external finance techniques such as bank borrowing. This has increased the company’s liabilities. 4) NOPAT: 2008 2009 $87,960 $(95,136) Operating Current Assets: 2008 2009 $1075,400 $1926,802 Operating Current Liabilities: 2008 2009 $281,600 $608,960 Net Working Capital: 2008 2009 $793800 $1317,842 Net Operating Capital: 2008 2009 $1138600 $2257632 5) The free cash flow has decreased by $503,936 as a result of expansion. 6) Free Cash Flow is important to determine the actual cash position of the company after adding back some of expenses that does not incur cash movement such as amortization. Similarly, it takes into account the movement of working capital and hence does reflect how much money the business has in hand from operating activities. 7) Since the profit is in negative the answer to this question will be negative. This means that the business is not covering its WACC and therefore is adding no value to the money invested in the business. 8) This can be a valid argument if the payment terms say that the company has to pay in the given timeframe of say 30 days. If the company fails to honor its commitment then it may face business problems. This can be concluded from the financial statements by calculating the creditor’s turnover ratio. It is calculated by: Average Creditors/Cost of Sales / 365 For this company Average Creditors = 905280 COS/ 365 = 13643.8 Creditor’s Turnover Ratio = 905280/13643.8 = 66 Days This proves that the company is paying way later than 30 days commitment to the creditors. 9) It may be a good ploy for increasing sales, but a lot of external factors need to be considered to make sure that this ploy will work. First of all, the company needs to make sure that the new policy is going to meet its cash cycle that is if its debtors are paying later, then creditors should also be paid later. A company may go bankrupt or short of working capital, if 60 days credit is extended to debtors with creditors asking for 30 days payment. Hence, this factor needs to be considered apart from trustworthiness of the creditor and whether or not the company could afford to invest into the business to make it possible for Rockies Inc. to increase its credit policy. 10) Retained earnings are calculated by subtracting profits from any dividends paid to the shareholders. Many a times, retained earnings are used to pay cumulative stock holders. A decrease in retained earning signifies higher dividends paid to the shareholder and this is what might have happened in the year 2009. 11) 2886,592/ 100037 = $28.85 Book value is dependent on the net assets value of the company , whereas market value is dependent on demand and supply of company’s shares in the market.

Rank of Icici Stock Minds Free Essays

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We will write a custom essay sample on Rank of Icici Stock Minds or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 1662356. 05 TURNOVER 16935103. 38 19998020 19946293. 4 0 % GAIN 11. 13% 5. 67% 9. 36% 0. 00% Basis highest % change in profit compared to the previous day portfolio COMMENTS REMARKS 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 JIGAR B SHAH SHANTI BUSINESS SCHOOL INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SAGAR CHOUDHURY (IIM) ISHAN ONKAR TRIVEDI NIRMA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT ANIL KUMAR YADAV IMS GHAZIABAD RAVINDER REDDY IIT – MADRAS (MGMT DEPT) JAY PRAKASH MEHTA KANDIVALI EDUCATION SOCIETYÂ   INDIAN INSTITIUTE OF PARV DHIMAN MANAGEMENT(IIM) LALA LAJPATRAI INSTITUTE OF DHIRAJ KUNDANMAL SONI MANAGEMENT KALPESH RAJPUT B. K. 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L. DALMIYA COLLEGE MUMBAI VISHWA VISHWANI SCHOOL OF PREM KUMAR HYDERABAD BUSINESS PRARTHANA CHANDAR UNITED WORLD SCHOOL OF AMIN BUSINESS MUMBAI SYMBIOSIS COLLEGE OF ARTS GEORGE PARAPUZHA JOB COMMERCE PUNE LALSINGH SANGRAMSINGH S. B PATIL INSTITUTE OF RAJPUT PUNE MANAGEMENT SUDEEPTA SARMA IILM INSTITUTE FOR HIGHER BORUAH DELHI EDUCATION (IILM ) INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH (IMDR) AGNEL CHARITIES AGNEL SEVA SANGHA’S FR. C. RODRIGUES INST. OF MANAGEMENT. STUDIES RUSTOMEJEE BUSINESS SCHOOL DAYANANDA SAGAR ACEDEMY OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT MUMBAI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (GNIMS) INDIAN INSTITUTE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (IIKM) AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL ACCURATE BUSINESS SCHOOL ATHARVA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS NSTITUTEÂ   OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT- INSTITUTE OF FINANCIAL MARKETS (ITM-IFM) RAWAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT KIRLOSKAR INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED MANAGEMENT STUDIES CITY COLLEGE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PARUL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDIAN INSTITIUT OF MANAGEMENT(IIM) MEENAKSHI SUNDARAJAN SCHOOL OF MGMT JAIPURIA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES H. K. INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, STUDIES RESEARCH, JOGESHWARI CHRIST COLLEGE 30 DIVYA RANI SINGH PUNE 1530024. 8 1504035. 81 1. 22% 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 NIKHITA VINAY RANE BHAUMIK KIRTIKUMAR MEHTA SANTOSH KUMAR ANAND PRAKASH YADAV HARMEET HARBINDER ALAG PRAVEEN GANESAN SASANK BANDARUPALLI MD MOHSIN KHAN SNEHAL SHIVAJI SHINDE MUMBAI MUMBAI BANGALORE MUMBAI MUMBAI CHENNAI HYDERABAD DELHI MUMBAI 1529786. 95 1528691. 21 1526535. 5 1526029. 7 1525450 1523362. 3 1522990. 93 1522771. 22 1522282. 7 1514444. 46 0 948645. 9 1174189. 5 0 19633466. 4 7175048. 23 15763374. 15 11326878. 5 1. 99% 0. 00% 1. 83% 2. 37% 2. 29% 1. 56% 1. 53% 0. 94% 0. 54% 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 SAURAV SHARMA PARVEEN GARG ARPAN KUMAR DAS MADHU SUDAN MC SURENDRA BABU GADWALA DIPAK RASIKBHAI KATHROTIYA SHIVANK GOEL DEVIKA RAJU ASHISH RANA BHAVESH HARISH AGARWAL SASWATA GHOSH RAVIPRAKASH RAMSNEHI PRASAD MILAN A THAKKAR NAVEEN KUMAR BHATNAGAR GOVIND PRATAP SINGH MERTIYA BONY KURIAN PUNNOOSE ANSHUL BANSAL ABHISHEK GOYAL SHAIKH MOHD RAMEEZ MUKHTAR KUSHALAPPA B K JABEZ E DANIEL HARDIC VORA VAISAKH E J MUMBAI DELHI PUNE BANGALORE KANPUR BARODA SHILLONG CHENNAI DELHI MUMBAI BANGALORE 1520505. 07 1517381. 9 1516829. 38 1516420. 05 1516038. 59 1515656. 75 1515339. 65 1515279. 58 1515096. 5 1513370. 8 1513242 1513070. 33 1512952. 06 1512904. 4 1512802. 4 1512655. 28 1512567. 22 1512270 1635277. 67 2360833. 43 3211287. 58 2450275. 45 2141875. 73 17414304. 45 0 2676943. 84 0 13356288. 94 99393 6559817. 75 18790067. 43 0 0 9150470. 72 17570914 0 1. 77% 0. 97% 1. 12% 1. 09% 1. 15% 0. 57% 0. 34% 0. 95% 1. 94% 0. 64% 0. 76% 0. 91% -8. 71% 2. 66% 1. 22% 1. 67% 1. 03% 2. 11% IIPM AHMEDABAD PUNE AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES DEHRADUN (IMS) JK BUSINESS SCHOOL AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL IIMB MAHARISHI ARVIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT JSPM’S ABACUS INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT BNMIT BISHOP HEBER COLLEGE IEIBS AKADEMIA REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT MAHARASHTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGIES-SCHOOL OF TELECOM (MIT SOT) GLOBSYN TECHNOLOGIES LTD JAYWANTRAO SAWANT INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH SKYLINE BUSINESS SCHOOL CAMP EDUCATION SOCIETY (INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT) ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANNING MANAGMENT (IIPM, CHATTARPUR) INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE DELHI CHENNAI BANGALORE JAIPUR 58 59 60 61 62 PUNE BANGALORE TRICHY MUMBAI BANGALORE 1512104. 65 1511085 1509935 1509755. 86 1509406. 55 0 0 0 2709639. 3 0 1. 10% 0. 91% 0. 99% 2. 31% 1. 00% 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 CHANCHAL KANSAL SUBHASIS SAHA PUNAM ANNASO BANDAL SONU SINGHAL RAJESH MAHADEV ANDIRAO PARESH ISHVAR BHAI MITHANI SAMRAT THATIKONDA TWARIT S TARPARA PUNE KOLKATA PUNE DELHI PUNE RAJKOT DELHI BANGALORE 1509405. 94 1509016. 5 1508847 1508597. 32 1508523 1507986. 75 1507803. 6 1507612 1000214. 4 0 0 4107663. 24 0 0 2278392. 99 119175 1. 35% 1. 33% 0. 71% 0. 57% 1. 07% 0. 43% 0. 93% 0. 85% Page 1 Sheet1 71 72 73 74 75 76 POOJA BALU VETAL RAJESH KUMAR PARAG M LATHIYA ASHUTOSH SINGH ARJUN M MAYANK SINHA ST. 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D. Y. PATIL INSTITUTE OF SHAIKH ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY APEEJAY INSTITUTE OF ANU THANGRIA MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL CAMPUS MAREDDY INDIAN INSTITIUT OF MARKANDEYULU MANAGEMENT(IIM) INDIAN INSTITIUT OF SIDDHARTH M MANAGEMENT(IIM) NARESH DAHYABHAI VISNAGAR INSTITUTE OF PRAJAPATI MANAGEMENT MEGHA AGARWAL BANASTHALI VIDYAPITH CAMPUS JAY PRAKASH CHAUDHARY OXFORD COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE LOKESH DURGESH GHOSAL ITM DOMBIVLI MUMBAI SRN ADARSH COLLEGE OF ASHISH KUMAR MISHRA BANGALORE MANAGEMENT ASHWINI DEVARAJAM SANKA MUMBAI VIVA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT AMANDEEP SINGH MAINI DELHI INSTITUTE(IMI) RAJ KUMAR GOYAL INSTITUTE FOR ABHISHEK RAI DELHI TECHNOLOGY (RKGIT) VISHAL JALHOTRA DEHRADUN GRAPHIC ERAÂ   UNIVERSITY MONICA SATISH SHARMA ICL COMMERCE COLLEGE VASHI MUMBAI NANDALAL M SIVADAS AMRITA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE BABU BANARASI DAS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT VIDYALANKAR INSTITUTE OF SUSHMA VIJAY GHADGE MANAGEMENT LALIT SONI ST. KABIR INSTITUTE MANAGEMENT NITU SINHA MERI INSTITUTE MONICA ALLURI NSB KENGUA ASHUTOSH ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOO L(IBS) DILIP MADHUBHAI CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES PRAJAPATI (CMS) SUJITH S KURUP RAI BUSINESS SCHOOL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS PIYUSH DILIP KHESE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH (IBMR) TUSHAR GULATI ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOO L(IBS) JAYDEEP PRATAPRAI INDIAN EDUCATION SOCIETY RATHOD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT(IESIMS) INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF AVIJIT SAHA BUSINESS JAGANATH SUBRAMANIAN HYDERABAD BUSINESS SCHOOL SOUMYA SUKHMAY NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHATTERJEE COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT (NICM) KALPESH KAILASH SHARMA MDI PRIYANT RAMESHBHAI LADANI OXFORD COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT YASH YOGESHBHAI SHAH K S BUSINESS SCHOOL 2 DR. GAUR HARI SINGHANIA INSTITUTE PUSHPINDER SINGH PURI OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT SASIKANTH BAPATLA (IIM) ABHISHEK MADASSERY FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE ASHOK TECHNOLOGY(FISAT) RIZVI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT KARAN KIRTI DOSHI STUDIES R. A. 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S. ABDUR RAHMAN UNIVERSITY) CHENNAI ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL SANJAY GHODAWAT INSTITUTE ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE OF INDIA (EDI) JAIPURIA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY(NIT) SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, KIIT UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF INFOMATICS MANAGEMENT (IIIM ) TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES NEW DELHI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT (NDIM) GAHLOT INSTITUTE HERITAGE GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS GANPAT UNIVERSITY XAVIER INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT BIFM SOCIETY FOR EDUCATION RESEARCH LYYOD INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDIRA COLLEGE FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (FMS) MS RAMAIAH COLLEGE INSTITUTE OF RURAL MANAGEMENT(IRM) ADITYA COLLEGE NSHM BUSINESS SCHOOL(NBS) UNITED BUSINESS SCHOOL SIES COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT, NERUL D Y PATIL GREATER NOIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GNVS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT S V INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT(IIM) LUCKNOW AMITY BUSINESS SCHOOL DR. G D POL FOUNDATION YMT COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT FLAME BUSINESS SCHOOL MUMBAI KOLHAPUR AHMEDABAD JAIPUR WARANGAL BHUBANESHWAR JAIPUR DELHI DELHI MUMBAI KOLKATA AHMEDABAD BHUBANESHWAR DELHI DELHI PUNE DELHI BANGALORE JAIPUR MUMBAI DURGAPUR AHMEDABAD MUMBAI PUNE DELHI MUMBAI KADI DELHI AHMEDABAD MUMBAI PUNE 140773. 02 0 469778. 52 5920537. 72 278734. 9 1516500 0 1806549. 85 603598. 3 3727765. 43 9780 0 1359144. 05 0 427764 0 4693020. 75 4546906. 55 293725 148376. 1 2361056. 9 0 0 6257722. 15 0 0 664855. 8 24198 15104297. 55 14073842. 49 6103274. 4 10377288. 23 14504753. 51 7697288. 85 1796680. 35 19766905. 12 1469829. 15 6301258. 4 0 1486542. 2 15548000 MODERN COLLEGE PUNE NARSEEMONJI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES HYDERABAD LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY JALANDHAR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE KOLKATA – IIFT XISS- XAVIER INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RANCHI SMT. HIRABEN NANAVATI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH FOR WOMEN AMRITA SCHOOL OF BUSINESS SANKLP BZ COLLEGE INDIAN INSTITIUT OF MANAGEMENT(IIM) JAGANNATH INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (JIMS) VIVA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT JAMNALAL BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES RAJAGIRI SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT ST FRANCIS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT MODERN INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT JAIPUR ENGINEERING COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTRE (JECRC) SYDENHAM INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 NEHA ANIL SONAWANE ASHIS KUMAR NAYAK ANKUR HANUMANDASJI LOYA RAMAKRISHNA REDDY PV ASHISH VATS NILESH KALOJI PATIL CHAITANYA GANDHI ASHISH M THOMAS SAVIO IGNATIUS PEREIRA PUNE COIMBATORE PUNE BANGALORE DELHI MUMBAI MUMBAI KOCHI MUMBAI 1443019. 28 1438403. 49 1421968. 3 1403592. 6 1387933. 23 1382846. 1 1347535. 19 1315017. 23 1232887. 18 7221815. 06 6706791. 4 7983803. 6 15200000 17918166. 91 15326224 18887715. 9 14959391. 89 18177223. 5 -3. 67% -3. 27% -1. 88% -3. 44% -9. 27% -11. 30% -13. 48% - 13. 75% -12. 7% Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar2013 Disqualified NEHAL MEHUL DOSHI PUNE 2158899. 67 681523032. 99 30. 27% Disqualified INDU RAJ SHARMA JAIPUR 1746172. 62 136730223. 38 3. 01% Disqualified PARIN JAYESH JAIN MUMBAI 1689359. 21 29836586. 33 5. 38% Disqualified MRINAL AGRAWAL ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL GURGAON 1652256. 13 1019418. 73 9. 76% Disqualified DIPEN GIRISHBHAI DESAI SJPIM AHMEDABAD 1638720. 53 38609002. 49 5. 92% Disqualified KRATIKA KAPOOR BANASTHALI VIDYAPITH CAMPUS BANASTHALI 1602585. 74 174113219. 86 4. 03% Disqualified AKASH SINGHAL IILM DELHI DELHI 1595289. 76 Page 3 20201491. 1 0. 81% Sheet1 LAL BAHADUR SHASTR I INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT DELHI Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 rore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 14-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified as Turnover exceeded 2 crore on 13-Mar2013 Disqualified SURBHI BEGWANI 1579115. 33 20629835. 15 2. 46% Disqualified HIMANSHU SHEKHAR BIT MESRA KOLKATA 1548771. 65 85329123. 21 -3. 35% Disqualified SANDEEP KUMAR INDIAN INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN TRADE DELHI (IIFT) 1513222. 8 44599450. 3 8. 38% Disqualified RAHUL SHYAMKUMAR JAIN ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL PUNE 1508190. 05 61504026. 95 -6. 39% Disqualifi ed ARUN K IIT – MADRAS ENGG. DEPT CHENNAI 1501859. 94 57156690. 7 -2. 77% Disqualified DEEPANKAR KSHITIZ EMPI BUSINESS SCHOOL NALANDA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES DELHI 1497135. 03 69303860. 97 -2. 90% Disqualified SHEIKH HOSSAIN KOLKATA 1477135. 35 24163113. 25 -1. 52% Disqualified KUNTAL DEVESH DAVE SAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AHMEDABAD 1447490 29854052. 5 -6. 76% Disqualified GOBIN RANA SONA COLLEGE OF MANAGMENT INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY(IMT) SALEM 1444626. 85 37832292. 25 -1. 46% Disqualified TUSHAR SHARMA MANMOHAN SINGH SIKARWAR GHAZIABAD 1380792. 05 40439282. 21 -3. 78% Disqualified ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOO L(IBS) AHMEDABAD 1064207. 96 111815542. 74 -21. 15% Page 4 How to cite Rank of Icici Stock Minds, Essay examples

Program Administering Certain Supplements â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Program Administering Certain Supplements? Answer: Introducation In the case study the Essendon Football Club has been held liable for the health issues of the participants in the Australian football league season. One of the footballers Nahin Meye has suffered health issues along with his three-year old daughter due to the supplement program which has been arranged by is in the Football Club. It is a case of negligence by the football club where they have failed to satisfy the duty of care and breach their duty towards their football players along with the Nathan and her three years old daughter. The breach of duty of care has been stated in the case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson where the plane team has gone for having a beer along with a friend for the defendant is providing the customer services by serving foods. When the defendant has served a beer bottle to the plant, she has found the compost Snail in the bottle which makes her feels ill due to having some beer. In this case, the plaintiff has claimed compensation due to the breach of duty of c are by the defendant while he is serving the customers on duty. Therefore, the service provider has failed to satisfy the terms of duty of care and a breach of duty has occurred in this case. According to the toddler, the negligence establishes the terms where the reach of the duty of care occurs and meet damages to the innocent party. Due to the negligence, any injuries or loss of property or any damage would be offered by the person who fails to provide the duty of care and which the terms. The law of tort as provided the statutory fact for the negligence only establishes where duties of care have failed to perform and the breach has occurred. A breach of duty of care has occurred due to the negligence in the case of Strong v Woolworths Limited [2012][1] where the court has found that the defendant has performed maid agency where the plaintiff has been damaged therefore while providing services to the plenty he has reached the duty of care. While in a recent case D'Arcy v The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane [2017][2] the plaintiff has mentioned in the court that due to the breach of the duty of care where he suffered damages and injuries due to the negligence of the duty of care by the defendant. The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane v Greenway [2017[3]] is another case where due to the negligence the defendant has failed to satisfy the plaintiff with the duty of care where the beach has occurred. The plaintiff has claimed the compensation for the injuries the court has audited for the penalties for breach the duty of care. While in the case of Stokes v House With No Steps [2016] is one of the significant cases of breach of the duty of care where the plaintiff has suffered several injuries due to the negligence by the defendant on the workplace. While the defendant is on the duty of care he has failed to provide appropriate duty towards a disabled person. Therefore, the plaintiff wh o is disabled has got injuries by the defendant before the court has been authored to provide the compensation for the damages of the plaintiff due to the injuries[4]. According to the tort law when our duty of care has failed to provide according to the terms then the Civil liability Acts has made the provisions for the support person who has been injured or damaged of the property. Due to the beach of duty of care then it will help to provide to clean the compensation and take the legal precaution against the damage by the defendant. In the case of Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999][5] the Civil liability act has provided the legal protection and precaution against the negligence which has occurred due to the dissatisfied the terms of duty of care where the breach has occurred. When a person is on the providing the services, therefore it is the duty of them that they will provide every service of duty of care towards the other person who is supposed to have the duty of care. Therefore according to the case study, the football club has found liable for the breach of the duties and other health issues because they have arranged the supplement program and participation of the footballers where they have been affected. Due to the negligence of the Essendon Football Club, the footballers have suffered the loss of sponsorship, loss of reputation, loss of income and emotional distress where they have been affected by such damages and also make the effects in their career. Now it is important to establish the terms of dissatisfaction of duty of care for the Essendon Football Club have been found liable for such act of breach of duty of care. Application Negligence is only identified when there is a breach duty of care of the defendant according to the law of tort. It is important to establish the facts of negligence where the defendant owned the duty of care towards plaintiff. It is defined when the exercise of acts has been failed due to the appropriate and ethical rules of specific circumstances then the law of tort has defined the term of negligence. The defendant must own the duty of care and if they got failed to provide such therefore it will make the negligence towards the plaintiff and must cause potential harm to the person or damage of any property. When the plaintiff has affected with any loss or any damage or any injuries due to the negligence by the defendant, then he has the right to claim the damage amount of the compensation due to the loss or injury by the negligence e of the defendant. It is also important to mention that the defendant is bound to pay the compensation if the plaintiff has sued him for the claimant of compensation. The loss of damage can be identified as physical injury harm of private property or any psychiatric illness or the economic loss. There are some essential terms of breach of care where the defendant is bound to do the duties and if the breach has a cause, then it will be caused by proximate causes and damages. The duty of care It is the ultimate terms in the law of torts where the negligence is caused due to the failure of such duty. Now it is important to establish the facts where the defendant must own the duty of care towards the plaintiff. A recognised and valid relation is needed to establish where the defendant is bound to follow such duty of care while he is serving the duty of care to the plaintiff. Now it is necessary that the defendant must determine every duty of care which is required to establish such terms. In the duty of care, it is necessary for the person who must serve the duties under some circumstances towards the plaintiff. Therefore when the negligent has establishes then the court was bound to establish the facts and relation of duty of care between the plaintiff and defendant[6]. As an example of duty of care is when the defendant is driving a truck, loaded with vegetables and if it has struck with a child then at that situation he owns the duty of care towards the child. Now it is important to take care of the child and a duty of care when that person has loaded the truck with vegetables. The duty of care is required for the person a reasonable duty of care. Here according to the terms of the duty of care, a relationship establishes between that person who owns the duty and the child who is standing near the truck may suffer any injury[7]. A reasonable duty is required to own the duty of care and the court will find the relationship between the child and the defendant. Here according to the scenario, the defendant is on his property where he has no knowledge about the child who is standing near the vegetable loaded truck and the child has trespass the property. Therefore if any injury or damage that was caused by the defendant, then the court must find the f acts of relationship where it is important to prove the facts where the defendant has owned the duty of care or not towards that child[8]. The Breach of duty of Care The breach of duty of care only occurs when the defendant has failed to satisfy the terms of the duty of care and the cause injury or damages due to the negligence by the defendant. Therefore the duty of care must be owned by the defendant where the breach has established. Most of the situation the duty of care is breached by the defendant where they have the knowledge of the negligence which is the substantial clause or risk or loss to the plaintiff. Therefore due to the failure of the duty of care the substantial risk has occurred and the loss has found which is the breach of care according to the law of tort[9]. McHale v Watson [1966][10] is one of the famous cares of negligence where the court has found that the defendant established a standard duty of care towards the plaintiff. It has been found that a nine years old child has been hurt forcefully by a 12 years old girl while they are playing in a park. Now due to the hurt, the child has been blinded by her one eye. In this case the court has found such facts that the child has been hurt forcefully, but she has no knowledge that it will make harms for the child which cause her blind. The court has also added the facts where they mentioned that the child is not cross the stage of development where she was on the duty of care[11]. The cause, in fact is another term of negligence where it is necessary for the plaintiff that they must prove the duty of care which has been owned by the defendant. It has established the facts where the plaintiff is bound to define the fact that if the defendant is liable for the damages due to the involvement in the situation. Now according to the case scenario while the defendant is loading the truck which loaded with vegetables and the child has trespass in that property where the defendant has stopped his action due to the presence of the child. Now, it is an important fact that due to the instant action by the defendant to take precaution and not moving the vegetable loaded truck is not does any harm to the child The Proximate Cause is another term in the negligence where it makes the important terms which has caused due to the actual cause of injury or damages by the defendant to the plaintiff[12]. If it has been proved that the damage is occurred due to the damage and another scope of risks, then it will be difficult for the plaintiff to prove the liabilities of the defendant in the duty of care where the risk or loss has been placed. Therefore any harm or injury has occurred due to the action of the defendant then it is necessary that the plaintiff will only hold liable the defendant for that only clause of injuries or damages[13]. Damages are important which has been occurred for the negligence by the defendant. The damage could be identified by the defendant where the damage could be an injury, loss, harm. If the defendant is found that due to the action of the defendant the breach of the duty of care has occurred then the pecuniary injury will be identified towards the plaintiff and it makes the cause of damage. Sometimes the court as found that the damage has occurred when by the defendant by mistakenly then the plaintiff is bound to prove the harm of the plaintiff. The damage which has been in this case by the defendant towards the plaintiff can be affected as physical, economic or both which make the loss of personal injury or reputational damages which are the part of the negligence. Here it is important to prove such area of negligence where the defendant held liable for the damages and which cause due to the negligence of the duty or care. In most of the cases, the damages have been claimed through the capital amount. Where the plaintiff found that due the negligence of the defendant he or she has suffered the loss which could be economic loss, then the plaintiff has the right to claim the compensation for the damages which have been caused by the defendant[14]. Now according to the scenario of the case study, Essendon Football Club has engaged a program of administering certain supplement to its professional athletes where the football club has been engaged in the world anti-doping authoritys requirements. Now due to the failure of the authority of the football club, the players have been suffered the loss of sponsorships, loss of income, emotional distress and loss of reputation. Therefore due to the breach of the occupational health and safety laws in Victoria, the court has fined $200,000 as the compensation of the beach of Duty. Now, one of the players of them Nathan Howlett-Murray has claimed several allegations against the Essendon Football Club who has been found liable due to the health issue of him and her three years old daughter. Now he has claimed that the Essendon Football Club authorities have been breached their duty of care towards their players and he must provide the compensation where the damage has been done[15]. Conclusion Therefore the conclusion has been identified in this case that the Essendon Football Club authorities have breached their duty which has caused them to provide the damages as a penalty to the plaintiff who has suffered the damages where Nathan Howlett-Murray and her daughter who have suffered from the health issues[16]. Reference Atkin, L., 1932. Donoghue v Stevenson. AC, 562, p.580. D'Arcy v The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane [2017] Dobbs, D.B., 2001. The law of torts (Vol. 2). West Group. Donoghue vs. Stevenson Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). Gray, A., 2016. Liability of police in negligence: a comparative analysis. Tort Law Review, 24(1), pp.34-62. Greenfield, S., 2016. Legal Cultures and the Regulation of Coaching Practice: Different Jurisdictions, Different Approaches?.Staps, (4), pp.87-96. Levy, N.M., Golden, M.M. and Sacks, L., 2016.Comparative Negligence, Assumption of the Risk, and Related Defenses(Vol. 1). California Torts. McHALE v. WATSON [1966] HCA 13; (1966) 115 CLR 199 Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999) Stewart, P. and Stuhmcke, A., 2014. High Court Negligence Cases 200010. Stokes v House With No Steps [2016] Strong v Woolworths Limited [2012] 246 CLR 182 The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane v Greenway [2017] Verbruggen, P., Wolters, P., Hildebrandt, M., Sieburgh, C. and Jansen, C., 2016. Towards Harmonised Duties of Care and Diligence in Cybersecurity [1] Strong v Woolworths Limited [2012] 246 CLR 182 [2] D'Arcy v The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane [2017] [3] The Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane v Greenway [2017] [4] Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). [5] Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999) [6] Verbruggen, P., Wolters, P., Hildebrandt, M., Sieburgh, C. and Jansen, C., 2016. Towards Harmonised Duties of Care and Diligence in Cybersecurity [7] Verbruggen, P., Wolters, P., Hildebrandt, M., Sieburgh, C. and Jansen, C., 2016. Towards Harmonised Duties of Care and Diligence in Cybersecurity [8] Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). [9] Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). [10] McHALE v. WATSON [1966] HCA 13; (1966) 115 CLR 199 [11] Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). [12] Verbruggen, P., Wolters, P., Hildebrandt, M., Sieburgh, C. and Jansen, C., 2016. Towards Harmonised Duties of Care and Diligence in Cybersecurity [13] Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). [14] Verbruggen, P., Wolters, P., Hildebrandt, M., Sieburgh, C. and Jansen, C., 2016. Towards Harmonised Duties of Care and Diligence in Cybersecurity [15] Foley, M. and Christensen, M., 2016. Negligence and the Duty of Care: A Case Study Discussion. Singapore Nursing Journal, 43(1). [16] Verbruggen, P., Wolters, P., Hildebrandt, M., Sieburgh, C. and Jansen, C., 2016. Towards Harmonised Duties of Care and Diligence in Cybersecurity

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Economics of Renewable Energy

Free Essays on Reduction In Force

Reduction in Force Paper The purpose of this paper is to inform the officers of this company of the hazards they may encounter in laying off employees. This document will look at a few of the acts that have been passed and how they should be used in conjunction with the new business plan. It is important when planning a reduction in force to review the demographics of the workers being retained and the workers being terminated. I recommend that you check the protected class status of those employees staying and those employees going to see if employees of protected class status are being treated comparably to other employees. If people are being chosen for a reduction in force based on some set of performance criteria, it is important to review who determined the criteria, whether the criteria have some possible discriminatory bias, and who is applying the criteria. Taking all of these steps early helps reduce trouble later on. Were Waivers used? The benefit of waivers is of course that it reduces the threat of future litigation. It is important to note, however, that a waiver must be in accord with the law to be enforceable, and that future claims cannot be waived. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has also concluded that an employee cannot waive his or her right to file a charge or participate in an investigation by the EEOC, but that the employee who signed the waiver will not be able to recover money damages. The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN) The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act generally requires covered employers who anticipate a plant closing or mass layoff to give affected employees (or their bargaining representatives) and local government officials advance notice of such action. Many states and municipalities have adopted similar laws governing plant closings and mass layoffs. Generally, employers must provide at least 60 calendar days of notice prior to any covered ... Free Essays on Reduction In Force Free Essays on Reduction In Force Reduction in Force Paper The purpose of this paper is to inform the officers of this company of the hazards they may encounter in laying off employees. This document will look at a few of the acts that have been passed and how they should be used in conjunction with the new business plan. It is important when planning a reduction in force to review the demographics of the workers being retained and the workers being terminated. I recommend that you check the protected class status of those employees staying and those employees going to see if employees of protected class status are being treated comparably to other employees. If people are being chosen for a reduction in force based on some set of performance criteria, it is important to review who determined the criteria, whether the criteria have some possible discriminatory bias, and who is applying the criteria. Taking all of these steps early helps reduce trouble later on. Were Waivers used? The benefit of waivers is of course that it reduces the threat of future litigation. It is important to note, however, that a waiver must be in accord with the law to be enforceable, and that future claims cannot be waived. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has also concluded that an employee cannot waive his or her right to file a charge or participate in an investigation by the EEOC, but that the employee who signed the waiver will not be able to recover money damages. The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN) The Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act generally requires covered employers who anticipate a plant closing or mass layoff to give affected employees (or their bargaining representatives) and local government officials advance notice of such action. Many states and municipalities have adopted similar laws governing plant closings and mass layoffs. Generally, employers must provide at least 60 calendar days of notice prior to any covered ...

The British Mandate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The British Mandate - Research Paper Example The article stated that nations that were unable to hold their own government were to be given under the trust or leadership of advanced countries that were willing and capable of handling the affairs of such states until such states could have gained enough strength to operate their own government affairs (Miller 162). The concepts of the Article 22 were approved, and later in June 1919, the same concepts were taken to the Treaty of Versailles. However, it should be noted that, in April 1920, executives from different countries questioned how the Treaty of Versailles was to be executed. This led to deciding of the roles of the mandates among different allies countries, and such roles were decided by the supreme council. The Mandates in the Middle East were decided and demined by adopting what was considered the basic features of Sevres. The British was allotted the administrative control of the Palestine leading to the naming of the territory as â€Å"the British Mandate of Palestine (Miller 124).† However, in July 1920, the mandate’s civil administration took over the military and named Jerusalem the capital

Fitness & Wellness Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fitness & Wellness - Research Paper Example This paper approves that wellness consists of the physical, mental, and spiritual well-being social, emotional, spiritual, environmental, occupational, intellectual and physical wellness. For example physical wellness is related to our daily activities and whether we do exercise on a daily basis. This involves aspects such as riding a bicycle at least 30 minutes a day, doing a walking routine or even doing the stairs at work instead of using the elevator. It also involves taking and maintaining healthy habits such as checkups, a balanced diet and exercise and staying away from bad habits such as tobacco, drugs and alcohol. This essay makes a conclusion that this involves physical fitness together with nutrition and self drive which is easier with consistency in physical activity. Attaining this kind of lifestyle involves eating a healthy diet that leads to reducing fat intake, sugars and sodium. A healthy diet consists of whole grains, fruits and vegetables. For meat, it’s recommended to take lean meats such as beef, lamb, fish and poultry and low fat and/or fat free dairy products. Processed and refined foods should be avoided. Best solution is to prepare your own food at home for the nutritional content.Avoiding alcohol, drugs and tobacco as excessive consumption can lead to severe effects. Physical activity is a key to longevity. Individuals should plan on implementing wellness programs such as aerobics, jogging, kick boxing and many more to their schedule. Again choosing an activity that you enjoy is essential or progress. Also incorporate aspects such as strength training that help for longevity, balance, and fitness.

Fundamentals of Quantitative Research Template Assignment

Fundamentals of Quantitative Research Template - Assignment Example two variables, this study goes ahead to dissect each of variables into its constituents and analyze how these individuals’ constituents relate to the second variable and its constituents. As already mentioned, a cross-sectional sampling technique is adopted for this research. The cross-sectional sampling technique adopted offers room for an all-inclusive study. Undertaking the study across diverse industries, the author brings a wholly representative study with respect to the area covered. Additionally, the sample is large enough to offer a representative sample. Additionally, considering the fact that the study participants are not aware of the study hypothesis, chances of biased occurring is highly diminished (Tzafrir, 2005). Nonetheless, the sample is non-purposive and this could have an impact on its representative of realistic findings of the research. The approach used in collecting the data used in the research suits its context. For starters, it should be mentioned that selecting participants from various organizations as sources of data allowed obtaining of representative data. Additionally, the researchers consider the ethics behind data collection. Although the sample chosen are unaware of the hypothesis of the study, they were well briefed on the research and those willing to, participated on voluntary basis participated in the research. Additionally, collection of primary data offers room for realistic and more current data for analysis. The research took an in-depth measurement of variables. Other than simply measuring the relationship between the two study variables, research further measures various components of the respective study variables. As a matter of fact, this offers room for undertaking an in-depth exploration of the relationship between the variables. It is simply like answering the question as to whether two countries have good relationship and going a step further to explore the area in which the two countries enjoy a good

Human Rights under Indian Law

Human Rights under Indian Law 1.3.4 Other Fundamental Rights (Unremunerated Fundamental Rights) A number of rights are not stated in the Covenant, are not even laid down in part III of the Constitution. In A.D M. Jabalpur V. S. Shukla[1] the Supreme Court by a majority of four to one, held that the Constitution of India did not recognize any natural or common law rights other than that expressly conferred in the Constitution. Though the attitude of the Supreme Court has changed especially after 1978. The courts on many occasions by accepting the rule of judicial construction have held that regard must be paid to International Conventions and norms for constructing domestic law. In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India,[2] Justice Bhagwati in the Special Bench for the Supreme Court observed that: The expression ‘personal liberty’ in article 21 is of the widest amplitude and it covers a variety of rights, which go to constitute the personal liberty of man and some of them have been raised to the status of distinct fundamental rights and given additional protection under Article 19. No person can be deprived of his right to go abroad unless there is a law made by the State prescribing the procedure for so depriving him; and the deprivation is effected strictly in accordance with such procedure. The following rights are contained in the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. They are available to the citizens of India through judicial decisions, even if and though they are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution. Right to travel abroad (Article 21): The right to travel abroad is a guaranteed right under Article 12 paragraph (2) of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In Sathwant Singh Sawlmey D, Ramanathan, Assistant Passport Officer,[3] New Delhi, the Court held that the right to go abroad is part of an individual’s personal liberty within the meaning of Article 21, Right to privacy (Articles 21 and 19 (1) (d)): This right is stipulated under Article 17 paragraph (1) of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. In Kharak Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh[4] it was held by the Supreme Court that the ‘domiciliary visits’ is an infringement of the right to privacy and is violative of the citizen’s fundamental rights of personal liberty guaranteed under Article 21. Right against solitary confinement Right to human dignity Right to free legal aid in a criminal trial Right to speedy trial Right against handcuffing Right against delayed execution Right against custodial violence Right against public hanging Right to health care or doctor’s assistance Right to shelter Right to pollution free environment Freedom of the press Right to know Right to compensation Right to release and rehabilitation of bonded labor Right of inmates of protection homes Thus we can notice that how the rights, whether formally enshrined or not, whether available to citizens or non-citizens, form such a palpable ingredient in being able to lead a life. Moving ahead, we can focus upon the rights and bills that are specifically concerned with child rights and encapsulated to guarantee assistance to child development. This study aims to focus on the issue of child trafficking; a concern deeply embedded in the larger canvas of human trafficking which broadly includes other than child. The Article 21 (A) of the constitution of India deals with the Right to Child Education included in the Constitution by the Eighty Sixth Constitution Amendment Act, 2002. In order to make the right to free and compulsory education for a child, the Constitution’s 83rd Amendment Bill 1997 was introduced in Rajya Sabha to insert a new article 21 A in the Constitution. However, the Bill was withdrawn on November 27, 2001. On November 28, 2001 the Constitution 93rd Amendment Bill 2001 was introduced and passed by unanimous vote in the Lok Sabha, and the on May 14, 2002 in Rajya Sabha with formal amendments as 86th Constitutional amendment. Before the Constitutional process started for making the right to education a fundamental right, the Supreme Court in J. P. Unnikrishnan and others v. The State of Andhra Pradesh[5] held that every citizen of this country has the right to free education until he completes the age of fourteen years. Indeed there is not a doubt that such a right if rightly enforced, could be directly or indirectly responsible for mitigation of many problems including trafficking. The detailed discussion of child rights and timely measures adopted to safeguard childhood will not be complete without the discussion of POSCO Bill. The President of India on June 12, 2012 assented the Act. . This Act was introduced to protect children from offences of sexual assault, sexualharassment and pornography and provide for establishment of Special Courts for trials of such offences and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The very same consequences of child trafficking are dealt with in such laws. It can be well noted that Clause (3) of the Article 15 of the Constitution empowers the State to make special provisions for children and in India. The wellbeing of a child are regarded as being of paramount importance at every stage, as the law operates in a manner to ensure a healthy physical, emotional, intellectual and social development of a child. Further to monitor the implementation of the objectives enshrined in the constitution the Central Government has appointed a National Commission for Minorities, a National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and a National Commission for Women. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) came into being in 1993 by virtue of the Protection of Human Rights Act. NHRC has become an agency to figure with, and has carved out a place for itself in the assortment of Indian national institutions for implementation of human rights. India is also a party to the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the child, adopted on December 11, 1992 .The convention has prescribed a certain set of standards in order to ensure and secure the best interests of the child. India being a party to this convention, is obligated to follow all the set of standards in guaranteeing such safeguards to child/children. The State parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child are required to undertake all appropriate national, bilateral and multilateral measures to prevent- inducement or coercion of a child to engage in any unlawfulsexual activity the exploitative use of children in prostitution or other unlawful activity the exploitative use of children in pornographic performances and materials This Act is enacted by the Parliament to be extended to all the parts of India, excepting Jammu and Kashmir. This brings our notice to laws and Acts that extends to even Jammu and Kashmir. India is also a signatory to the UNCRC which defines the age of a child i.e. below 18 years. Countries all over the world use this definition. A child between the ages of 0-18 years is not allowed to vote, sign a contract or engage a lawyer. The Juvenile Justice Act enacted in India in 1986 (which was enacted in Jammu and Kashmir too by 1997, and the rules adopted in Jammu and Kashmir by 2007) came as beginning of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)Act 2000. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000 is the primary legal framework for juvenile justice. The Act provides for a special approach towards the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency and provides a framework for the protection, treatment and rehabilitation of children in the purview of the juvenile justice system. This law, brought in compliance of Child Rights Convention 1989, repealed the earlier Juvenile Justice Act of 1986 after India signed and ratified Child Rights Convention 1989 in year 1992. This Act has been further amended in year 2006 and 2010. Technically even though this Act talks about Juvenile only , it is nevertheless essential in our study of child trafficking for this age group which according to India, are also highly targeted and disregarding the technical and formal description of age, this age group (16-18) ends up being a vulnerable target to human trafficking. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act is considered to be an extremely progressive legislation and Model Rules 2007 have further added to the effectiveness of this welfare legislation. However the implementation is a very serious concern even in year 2013 and Supreme Court of India is constantly looking into the implementation of this law in Sampurna Behrua Versus Union of India and Bachpan Bachao Andolan Versus Union of India. In addition to Supreme Court, various High Courts in India, specifically Bombay High Court and Allahabad High Courts are also monitoring implementation of JJ Act in judicial proceedings. In order to upgrade the Juvenile Justice Administration System, Government of India launched Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS) in year 2009-10 whereby financial allocations have been increased and various existing schemes have been merged under one scheme. 1.4 Other Measures of Protection of Human Rights under Indian Law The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act, 1956 Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 Bonded Labour (Abolition) Act, 1976 Employment of Children Act, 1938 (Amended in 1985) The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 The Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 The National Commission for Women Act, 1990 The National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 The National Commission for Safari Karamcharis Act, 1993 The National Commission for Backward Classes Act, 1993 The Mental Health Act, 1993 1.5 Fundamental Duties and Human Rights Part IV(A) of the Constitution vests the Fundamental Duties of every Indian citizen (Article 51-A). This clause was inserted by 42nd Amendment 1976. The duties are to respect the Constitution and its institutions, to live by the noble ideals of the freedom struggle, to protect the sovereignty and integrity of India, to defend the country, to promote communal harmony, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women, to preserve the cultural heritage, to protect and improve the natural environment, to have compassion for living creatures, to develop the scientific temper, to safeguard public property and abjure violence and to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity. In 2002 The Eighty- sixth Constitutional Amendment inserted a new clause (k) in Article 51(A) making it the duty of parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be, ward between the ages of 6 and 14 years. In the subsequent years it appeared that parts III, IV and IV (a) of the Constitution are heavily depended upon the judiciary for their interpretation and application. The various ‘reasonable restrictions’ clauses mentioned in Part III, Article 21, and the rarely used Part IV-A have given the judiciary ample scope for reviewing the administrative and legislative action. Infact, Article 21 has allowed judicial institutions to act as a catalyst in pushing the State to implement the DPSPs with respect to the â€Å"life and personal liberty.† 1.6 Directive Principles of State Policy and Human Rights The non-enforceable rights in Part IV of the Constitution are mainly those of economic and social in nature. However, Article 37 makes it clear that despite being non enforceable it does not weaken the duty of the State to apply them in making laws, due to their fundamental nature. Additionally, the innovative jurisprudence of the Supreme Court has now read into Article 21 (the right to life and personal liberty) many of these principles and made them enforceable.[6] Reading in nutshell we can find that they demarcate the duties of the State, i.e. encompassing securing a social order with justice, social, economic and securing for â€Å"the citizens, men and women equally† the right to an adequate means of livelihood. (Article 38). They directdistribution of ownership and control of community resources to subserve the common good., prevent concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment , secure equal pay for equal work for both men and women, prevent abuse of labor, including child labor , ensure child development , ensure equal justice and free legal aid organize village democracies (Article 39). In Article 40, constitution sates the provision of the right to work, education and public assistance in case of unemployment, old age sickness and disability. Article 41 vests provision of humane conditions of work, whereasArticle 42 entails the living wage and a decent standard of life and so on so forth. Hence it can be witnessed that these directives aim to include the indispensable provisions for development of child and education for children amongst the other essential directives i.e. to provide for human rights and decent standard of living. 1.7 Political Rights and Human Rights India being the largest representative democracy in the world is based on universal adult suffrage, providing every Indian of at least eighteen years of age the right to vote. The Constitution of India provides for direct elections to the House of the People of the Central Parliament, i.e. the Lok Sabha and the State [Provincial) Legislative Assemblies, once in every five years.. The right to vote, the; right to contest elections, and the conduct of elections are all governed by the Constitution (Part XV) as well as special laws like the Representation of the People Act, 1951. 1.8 Judiciary and Human Rights The vanguard of human rights, the Judiciary is one of the three organ of Government in India. It performs this function by innovative interpretation of the constitution with regard to the human rights provisions. The Supreme Court in the case Ajay Hasia v. Khalid Mujib[7] declared that it has a special responsibility, â€Å"to enlarge the range and meaning of the fundamental rights and to advance the human rights jurisprudence.† The Supreme Court of India and the State High Courts have unequivocal powers under the Constitution to enforce the fundamental rights and it has liberally interpreted these powers. The major contributions of the judiciary to the human rights jurisprudence have been two-fold: (a) The substantive expansion of the concept of human rights under Article 21 of the Constitution, and (b) The procedural innovation of Public interest Litigation. 1.8.1 Expansion of Article 21 Article 21 remains the core concern in our discussions of human rights and it is essential to read it in much details. Article 21 reads as follows, – â€Å"No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law.† The expansion of Article 21 of the Constitution has taken place in two respects: The expression â€Å"the procedure established by law† was interpreted in the case A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras[8] in the year 1950, the very first year of the Constitution, the Supreme Court in, reflecting on the intentions of the Constitution-makers, held that â€Å"procedure established by law† only meant that a procedure had to be set by law enacted by a Legislature. This phrase was deliberately used in Article 21 in preference to the American â€Å"Due Process† clause. Three decades later, in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India case, the Supreme Court noted that â€Å"the Supreme Court rejected its earlier interpretation and holds that the procedure contemplated under Article 21 is a right, just and fair procedure, not an arbitrary or oppressive procedure.†[9] The procedure, which is reasonable and fair, must now be in conformity with the test of article 14 — â€Å"in effect it has become a Due Process.† There is no doubt that the experience of National Emergency (1975-1977) prompted the court to go all out for vindication of human rights. Since Maneka Gandhi’s case, every case of infringement of rights by the Legislature has undergone judicial scrutiny in terms of the new guideline laid down by the Supreme Court of India. Further, this case led to the establishing of the due process norm, which included rights like, right to claim legal aid for the poor and the right to expeditious trial etc.[10] The judiciary interpreted ‘the right to life and personal liberty† to comprehend all basic conditions for a life with dignity and liberty. The judiciary has interpreted the word â€Å"Life† to include the right to possession of each organ of one’s body and a prohibition of torture or inhuman or degrading treatment by Police. In the Francis Coralie Mullin v. The Administrator, Union territory of Delhi[11] case, the Supreme Court held that â€Å"life† couldn’t be restricted to mere animal existence, or physical survival. Hence it can be summed up that the right to life means the right to live with dignity and availing the basic necessities of life such as adequate nutrition, clothing, shelter and facilities for reading, writing and expressing oneself. Many cases in High Courts and the Supreme Court often revealed â€Å"a shocking state of affairs and portray a complete lack of concern for human values.† . Justice Bhagwati held â€Å"if a person is deprived of his liberty under a procedure which is not ‘reasonable’, ‘fair’ or ‘just’, it would fall foul of Article 21. The following cases will through light that how time and again this Fundamental right has come to the rescue during the violation of Fundamental Rights. In Deoraj Khatri v. State of Bihar [12]case the Police brutality was raised in which 80 suspected criminals were brutally blinded during Police investigation (Bhagalpur Blinding case). The Supreme Court condemned it as a â€Å"barbaric act and a crime against mankind.† Where as in Sheela Barse, The State of Maharashtra case, the Court was heard the plight of custodial violence against women and in judgment it laid down certain guidelines against torture and ill treatment of women in Police custody and jails. The Supreme Court has held a right to monetary compensation for deprivations of the right to life and liberty suffered at the hands of the State under Article 21. In, Paramanand Katra v. Union of India, The health problems of workers in the asbestos industry led the Supreme Court to rule that the right to life and liberty under Article 21 also encompasses the right of the workers to health and medical aid.[13] [1] A.I.R. 1976 S.C. 1207 at 1293 [2] A.I.R. 1978 S.C. 597 [3] A.I.R. 1967 S.C. Delhi 1836 [4] A.I.R. 1963 S.C. 1295 [5] A.I.R. 1993 S.C. 645 at 733. [6]Justice Sujatha V. Man3har, Judiciary and Human Rights, Indian Journal of International Law (Vol. 36, Nc1.2, 1996): 39-54. [7] A.1.R .I981 S.C. 487 at 493. [8] A.I.R. 1950 S.C 27 [9] A.I.R. 1978 S.C. 597 [10] [11] A.I.R.98.1. S.C . 746. [12] A.I.R. 1981 S.C. 928 [13] A.I.R. 1989 (4) S.C.C. 286.

Alternative Fuel Vehicles Essay -- Cars Resources Vehicle Essays

Alternative Fuel Vehicles Slowly but surely our nations natural resources are running out. In the near future our fossil fuels that we use to power our lives will be gone. As the years pass research of alternative fuels is becoming more and more imperative. Most important of all in the research of alternative fuels is that of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). More emphasis should be put on the development of alternative fuel vehicles, because as each year passes our fossil fuel reserves decrease, there are great environmental benefits, and there are great future cost reductions. Others believe that some of the possible alternative fuels are unsafe, that there aren ¡Ã‚ ¦t sufficient alternatives to perform as well as gasoline, and that alternative fuel vehicles are just a fad. Through research conducted these false claims will be put to rest. The need for alternative fuel research goes back to the start of the 1990 ¡Ã‚ ¦s. Based on a statement from the California Energy Commission, during the 20th century energy has become more easily available, especially that of fossil fuels. Countries all over the world including our own depend on fossil fuels to not only generate electricity but also for use in vehicles. Each year more oil wells are found but how long will this last? This question has recently become a major reason for discussion in the governments all over the world, none more so than our very own country which consumes a huge percentage of the worlds oil supply. According to the California Energy Commission (CEC), fossil fuels are cheap and relatively easy to obtain. Once burned, however, fossil fuels cannot be used again, and they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the air. Such gases are not harmful in ... ...ative fuels we can cut a path for the future to follow, and maybe even make the world a cleaner and all around better place to live. References Bedard, Patrick.  ¡Ã‚ §What ¡Ã‚ ¦s the Deal on Electric Cars? ¡Ã‚ ¨ Car and Driver May 1992. Motavalli, J. (2000). Forward Drive: The Race to Build  ¡Ã‚ §Clean ¡Ã‚ ¨ Cars for the Future. United States of America. Sierra Club Books. California Energy Commission. Professor Quester Answers - Fossil Fuels. Retrieved April 19, 2003, from http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/ask_quester/answers_fossil_fuels.html. United States Congress. Office of Technology Assessment. (1990). Replacing Gasoline Alternative Fuels for Light-Duty Vehicles. 101st Cong.United States Department of Energy. Office of Transportation Technologies. (2002, September). Hybrid Electric Vehicle Program. Retrieved March 28, 2003, from http://www.ott.doe.gov/hev/.