Discuss the reasons for the global distribution of heart disease Essay Example for Free

Discuss the reasons for the global distribution of heart disease Essay h The nature of Coronary Heart Disease. What is it? h The Global distribution of Coronary Heart Disease. h The likely causes for this include diet, smoking, lack of exercise as a minimum. For the heart to function properly, your heart needs a steady supply of oxygen from the blood, which flows through the coronary arteries, to the heart muscle. Coronary heart disease is a term used to describe the condition when the supply is blocked by fatty deposits or a thrombosis. The arteries become blocked due to a build up of fatty material in the lining. This causes the artery to become narrower, then the heart must pump harder to force the blood through. This causes the blood pressure to rise. There are three classifications of Coronary heart disease. If the coronary arteries become partly blocked, the person may experience chest pains brought on by exertion, which desist when resting again. This form of coronary heart disease is known as angina pectoris. The pain is caused by the shortage of blood to the heart muscles. With this form of coronary heart disease there is no death of the muscle tissue. If the arteries become completely blocked by a thrombus, this will cause a myocardial infarction, more commonly known as a heart attack. During a heart attack the lack of oxygen being pumped to the heart causes the heart muscle to die, and can also be fatal. Although many people survive with immediate medical attention. The other type of coronary heart disease is heart failure. This is the blockage of the main coronary artery, which leads to the gradual damage of the heart muscles. When this occurs, the heart will become weaker and weaker  until it eventually stops pumping blood around the body efficiently. Coronary heart disease was unknown before the 20th century. The main reason for this is most probably because the majority of people died of something else before they could die of coronary heart disease. Usually some kind of infectious disease. Coronary Heart Disease is more prominent in developed countries. The main reasons for this are stress, bad diets, lack of exercise, smoking and drinking. In developed countries we are more used to taking the bus or using a car rather than walking or cycling to where we want to get to. With increasing obesity we are also getting an increase of coronary heart disease. The distribution across the United Kingdom varies. For example, the people in the UK most likely to get coronary heart disease are those in the north west of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Manual workers are at a higher risk than those who have desk jobs are. South Asians in the UK are more likely get coronary heart disease than any other ethnic group. Men are also at greater risk than women are. The most common way for coronary heart disease start is when the coronary arteries become blocked by a build up of fatty deposits, known as cholesterol. The deposits form plaques in the lining of the artery, which narrows the arteries. Also making them less elastic. The narrowing of the arteries is called arteriosclerosis. This occurs when the lining is damaged, most likely due to high blood pressure. These breaks are taken over by phagocytes. These growth factors that stimulate the growth of smooth muscle cells. Cholesterol is a fatty substance made from the saturated fat that you eat. It is essential for cells to stay healthy. Lipoproteins carry cholesterol through the body, in the blood stream. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) take cholesterol from the liver, and take it to the cells, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) carry excess cholesterol back to the liver. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the one that tends to build up on the walls of the arteries. If your level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is too high, the high-density lipoproteins will not be able to remove the cholesterol sufficiently and you will be at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Thrombosis (blood clots) can also cause the coronary arteries to narrow, putting you at risk of heart attack. Coronary thrombosis occurs when blood turns from a liquid form to a solid form, creating a clot in one of the coronary arteries and stopping blood supply from getting to the heart muscle. Coronary thrombosis usually occurs at the site of existing arteriosclerosis. Agerisk increase with age. Although coronary heart disease can begin in early life Sexmales at a much higher risk than women (women protected by oestrogen until menopause, but will still be protected if they have HRT) Weightbeing overweight or obese will increase your chances Diethigh intake of animal (saturated) fats means high risk of coronary heart disease. Blood cholesterolhigh blood cholesterol levels results in high risk of coronary heart disease. High blood pressurehigh blood pressure causes higher risk of coronary heart disease. Smokingcombines with the other factors. Most common factor. Multiplies risk of getting coronary heart disease. Exercisemore exercise reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. Hereditysome families are at higher risk than others are Diabetesdiabetics have higher risk Alcoholexcessive drinking causes high blood pressure, increase risk of atheroslerosis. Moderate intake can be protective. Social classheart disease more likely to occur among manual workers The way to prevent getting coronary heart disease is to limit your intake of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and to keep you intake of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol high. Ways you can do this include: h Reducing the amount of food we eat containing saturated fat, as the body turns this fat into low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. h Avoiding excessive intake of egg yolks, most meats, such as pork, lamb, beef and veal, also butter, full fat milk and cream cheeses. h Eating more pea, lentils, beans, and oats will also help to lower cholesterol as they contain fibre. h Eat more vegetables, pulses, cereals, and fruit. h Higher intake of anti-oxidant vitamins, such as vitamins C and E. These vitamins can prevent saturated fat being converted into cholesterol by your body. h Nuts, like Brazil nuts are rich in selenium. This protects the body from tissue damage, like that damage causes by a myocardial infarction h Exercising is also very important. As well as being able to control your weight, also has been proven to increase the bodys levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Which in its turn keeps your low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels down. Walking and swimming are two of the  best forms of exercise. h Eat more oily fish like kippers, pilchards, trout, herring, sardines, mackerel and salmon. These fish contain oils that can lessen the risk of thrombosis. h If you are a smoker, the most important thing to do to reduce your risk of coronary heart disease is to stop smoking. Smoking is the major cause of coronary thrombosis in people under 50 years old Bibliography www.who.int/ncd/cvd www.who.int/whosid/ www.nhsdirect.nhs.ukhttp://nhlbisupport.com/chd1/chdexp.htm

My Place by Sally Morgan, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, The Trans

The Journey as Depicted in My Place by Sally Morgan, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, The Transall Saga and Pay it Forward The inner journey is a concept that has always been debated, and so has its meaning. The word ‘inner’ has the alternative meaning of personal. Moreover, the word journey has an alternative meaning of movement. So, the concept of the inner journey, customarily, has the meaning of a personal movement. Inner journeys have often been described as the metaphor behind a physical journey. The statement ‘Journey is the reward’ and the idea of a personal movement are depicted in the texts, My Place by Sally Morgan, The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost, The Transall Saga and Pay it Forward. ‘My Place’ is the autobiographical story, in which Sally Morgan’s family refuses to accept their aboriginality. It was the persistent attitudes of the family which prompted Sally to commence on her journey of self discovery. The poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost also revolves around the theme of the inner journey. The poem is based of a manâ⠂¬â„¢s recollection of decision that he once made and its ramifications. The novel ‘The Transall Saga’ by Gary Paulson, is the fictional survival story about ‘Mark’ and his adventure after he was transported to a foreign world by a mysterious blue light. Finally, the film, ‘Pay It Forward’, is about a boy named Trevor McKinney and new found thoughts about the world after having been given a social studies assessment. This essay will highlight how all four texts portray the truth in the statement ‘The Journey is the reward.’ My Place is an autobiographical story by Sally Morgan. Sally was raised in an Aboriginal family which always denied their Aboriginality. Sally is the one who goes on a physical journey in order to discover her true family heritage and identity, which leads to a much more intricate inner journey. The road to enlightenment was not easy. She came across many obstacles and most of those came from her own family. Throughout the story the respondent is left wondering the reason behind the family’s silence towards each other. This statement only reinforces the idea that the core text, My Place, clearly depicts how the journey is the reward. Sally Morgan uses a wide range of different techniques to convey her physical and internal movement to disclose her family heritage and her own identity. The book it... ...which brought his family back together. In conclusion, My Place, The Road Not Taken, The Transall Saga and Pay It Forward, are all texts which connote the message that there is truth in the statement, ‘The journey is the reward’. My Place shows how Sally was able to discover her heritage, and more importantly, her identity. For Sally her journey payed of by meeting a whole new set of relatives and past family friends. The Road Not Taken, is a poem which vividly and subtly shows the respondent that all of lifes choices are important. The poem also tells us that he ‘should never come back’ to change his decision. Sally is under similar circumstances, for she cannot go back on some of her decisions. The Transall Saga told us how Mark changed his personal perspective on life and his physical appearance. The reward that Mark received while on his journey was meeting people, and then receiving respect from these ‘savages’. Pay it Forward, was the movie which enlightened the respondent into basic human nature, and to some extent what is wrong with the world. Trevor’s inner journey enabled him to discover that people can change and that the world may not be such a lost cause after all.

Discrimination in the Kite Runner Essay

?Discrimination is still an issue in countries all over the world, including Canada. People still get discriminated in our society today for the way they look, talk and their religious views. Discrimination is shown in The Kite Runner ,written by Khaled Hosseini and The Chrysalids ,written by John Wyndham. Hassan, one of the main characters of The Kite Runner is treated like an animal for the way he looks and his religious views. In The Chrysalids, the main character David Storm is considered a â€Å"mutant† for being able to communicate with his mind to other people with the same power. Once the people of Waknuk found out he was a mutant, they turned on him. People can learn from these tragic events that happened to Hassan and Davis Storm. Both Novels show how discrimination can lead to death, war and depression. Discrimination can lead to death. In the novel The Kite Runner a man named Hassan was murdered in the middle of the street, along with his wife for being Hazara. The Taliban’s murdered Hassan because they thought he was a squatter living in Amir’s house. He told him he was their servant and was taking care of the house while they were gone. As Rahim Khan is telling the story of Hassan to Amir he explains that â€Å"The Taliban’s said he was a liar and a thief like all the Hazara’s and ordered him to get his family out of the house by sundown† (Hosseini, 230). Rahim Khan is implying that Hassan didn’t do anything wrong, he was just looking after the house for a friend. The Taliban’s think the Hazara people are liars and thieves so they didn’t believe him. When they told him to get himself and his family out by sundown he argued with them, they shot him in the middle of the street while people were watching. His wife, witnessing what happened, ran out into the street and the Taliban’s shot her to. Both dead, leaving their son to be sent to an orphanage. Hassan shouldn’t have been murdered for such a senseless thing like that; he was treated like trash just for his religious views and the way he looked. Similar to The Kite Runner the discrimination in The Chrysalids also leads to death. The best friend of David Storm, Sophie, is murdered by the people of Waknuk for no other reason then that she was a mutant. The people of Waknuk were hunting the mutants, Sophie has to basically fend for her self and try to get away from the Waknuk people, â€Å"An arrow pierced through her upper arm, but she held on, with it lodged there. Then another took her in the back of the neck. She dropped in mid-stride, and her body slid along in the dust†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wyndham, 187) is how the Waknuk people murdered her. These people murdered an innocent girl for having 6 toes on each foot. This goes to show how much hate is built up in these people. Discrimination has been and still causes war between countries and people, this happens in both The Kite Runner and The Chrysalids. When the Taliban’s decided to take over Afghanistan, discrimination was everywhere. The Taliban’s thought they were better then everyone else in the country. This caused war in Afghanistan. The Taliban’s discriminated everyone except for them self’s. Assef joined the Taliban’s because he hated Hazara people. Assef tells Amir that â€Å"Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage, and someone has to take out the garbage† (Hosseini, 298). Assef is implying that Afghanistan is a wonderful and beautiful place with â€Å"terrible† people like Hazara’s and the Taliban’s are here to take out the trash. The Taliban’s are trying to take over Afghanistan killing anyone who gets in their way; they really hate the Hazara people. They think that the Hazara’s are thief’s and liars and don’t deserve to live in the same country as the all mighty Taliban people. So the Taliban’s starts a war in Afghanistan. All because they think they are better then everyone else and that who ever isn’t a Taliban, is evil and deserves to die. Something similar happens with the mutants and the people of Waknuk in The Chrysalids. The people of Waknuk think all mutants should be killed. The village people find out about David Storm’s mutant powers along with all the other mutants. The people of Waknuk declare that the mutants are outlaws. David Storm and the rest of his mutant friends are forced to flee from the village, where the people of Waknuk, including David’s own father, pursue them. The villagers feel that â€Å"[A]ny creature that shall seem to be human, but is not formed thus is not human. It is neither man nor woman. It is blasphemy against the true Image of God, and hateful in the sight of God† (Wyndham, 13). This shows how these village people seem to think that these â€Å"mutants† are a threat to their village. They think that they need to take action, so they try to kill them, causing a war between the mutants and the people of Waknuk. Discrimination can also lead to depression. After Assef rapes Hassan for being Hazara, Hassan becomes very depressed and stops playing with Amir and never comes out of his room. Amir starts to get very worried about Hassan, everyone in the house thinks Hassan is just sick. Amir asks Ali â€Å"Would Hassan be able to play today? † (Hosseini, 85). Ali answers with â€Å"Lately, it seems all he wants to do is sleep. He does his chores- I see that- but then he just wants to crawl under his blanket† (Hosseini, 85). Showing how depressed Hassan is after being raped. Before the incident Hassan and Amir would play every day. Hassan was so happy before. It goes to show how discrimination can really lead to depression. He was raped because he didn’t want to give Assef his kite. So he was â€Å"punished† for not listening to Assef. If it had been Amir, it wouldn’t have happened because Amir is a Pashtun, the same religion as Assef. The Chrysalids also shows how discrimination can lead to depression. David Storm finds other people who have the same power as him; they all decide to keep this power a secret so they don’t get killed. One of the mutants named Anne wants to marry a â€Å"normal person†. The group thinks that if she were to marry this man, she would tell him about them. Anne ends up marrying him but sadly a week later he is found dead in the forest. Anne goes through a deep depression and eventually kills herself. †Anne’s suicide was a tragedy, but no one saw any mystery about it. A young wife, pregnant with her first child, thrown off her mental balance by the shock of loosing her husband in such circumstances; it was a lamentable result, but understandable† (Wyndham, 93). This innocent man was murdered by one of the mutants because if she had told him, he would have told the rest of the people in the village, causing the mutants to be murdered. If the towns people didn’t hate the mutants as much as they did the mutants never would have had to kill an innocent man, but they did it for survival. These Village people of Waknuk think that these â€Å"mutants† are a threat, they are so scared of them that they think they must kill them. Anne would still be alive if they people of Waknuk were different, so would her husband. Death, war and depression were all demonstrated because of discrimination in both novels. Discrimination leads to death in both novels, Hassan is killed for being a Hazara and David’s best friend Sophie is killed for being a mutant. Discrimination also leads to war in both novels. The Talibans started a war in Afghanistan because they thought that they were better then everyone else. The people of Waknuk thought that the mutants were a threat to their village so they tried to kill them, causing a war between the two. Depression is also shown because of discrimination. After Hassan was raped for being a Hazara he stopped playing with Amir and never wanted to leave his room. Anne, a mutant, went threw deep depression after her husband was murdered and she eventually committed suicide while she was pregnant. People need to stop treating people different for the way they look, the way they talk, etc. If discrimination ceased in this world, there would not be as many problems as there is today.

A Critical Comparison Of Expressions Of Grief - 1419 Words

A Critical Comparison of Expressions of Grief in Asia Death is universal and while grief is a common reaction to this inevitable occurrence, responses can be varied across Asian cultures. Ethnographic accounts reveal how grief and bereavement is expressed in this region and provides a basis for discussion. By concentrating on specific Asian regions, it is possible to identify the similarities or differences between the experiences and expressions of grief within Asia, contrary to Western perspectives of grieving responses and reactions. Firstly, the emotional and social connotations of grieving within certain cultural contexts will be discussed. Moreover, a focus on grief in Asian societies such as those in Japan, China, Thailand,†¦show more content†¦2014, pp.510). It is important to note, as Castle and Phillips (2003, pp.42) illustrates, that grief should not be seen as having solely elements of suffering and pain, however it can also be considered a reminder of an ongoing relationship to the deceased, which may include those qualities of comfort and connection toward those who have passed. In terms of grief, Lee et al. (2010, pp. 507) discusses that the most common grief response among Western grievers were bargaining, followed by acceptance, depression, anger, denial, and isolation. Furthermore, Neimeyer, Klass and Dennis (2014, pp.485) shows that in contrast to Western conceptions of bereavement which views grieving as seeking meaning through personal and familial transitions, other cultures, relate grief toward broader community and cultural spheres. Putting this into consideration, Balk (2006, pp.87) places emphasis on the diversity of our world and thus, there is also a great diversity of views, attitudes and behaviours regarding death and grief. Therefore, using examples of grief reactions and expressions within certain populations in Asia, will facilitate diverse and culturally understanding perspectives of grief which can be further